Where to Live
Traditional Houses
The Korean traditional houses use the ondol system. For the ondol systm, you
put flat stones on top of the banggorae (passageway for hot air) and spread
a thick layer of clay on top. When you make a fire at the furnace, the hot air
goes in under the stone layer to make the floor warm while the smoke from the
furnace is ventilated through the chimney. Today instead of ondol, different kinds
of boiler systems based on the operating principles of ondol are widely used.
In the boiler system based on ondol, you place pipes made of coopper, among
others, and spread a thick layer of cement to make the floor. The room is heated
by the hot water coursing through the pipes. In the old days, they used firewood
to make fire but that has been replaced by oil, gas and coal. The boiler system
based on ondol is one of the most prominent features of houses/apartments in
Korea. Although many people use westernstyle beds now, it is still customary
that you take off your shoes before you enter a home and keep the floor clean
at all times.
Modern Housing▶ Standalone House
A standalone house refers to a regular house, which is a single building built
on a unit land area. Standalone houses allow families to keep their privacy and
individuality intact and make plans according to their unique needs and taste.
They usually have the front gate and a garden and stand a certain distance
away from other buildings in the vicinity, which gives it independence.
▶ Row House
A row house refers to the type of accommodation in which multiple households
reside in a single building. In most cases, row house buildings are three floors
or less. The households that share a building also share the utility bills (electric,
water, etc.), which can help you save money. It is a form of accommodation that
is more independent than apartments but less so than standalone homes.
▶ Apartment
This is a form of living accommodation in which a number of independent
households live in a single building. It is especially popular among the younger
generation. As they share heating and sanitary facilities and many amenities
concentrate in the vicinity, they offer convenience, a clean environment and
security. However, the uniform environment tends to be monotonous and there
are usually little interactions among neighbors.
Finding a Place to Live and Signing a Lease
When you need a place to live, the most widely used method is going through
a real estate agent. You can also find ads posted in a restaurant or a store near
where you work and visit the place on your own. Sometimes you can find a
place to live through your colleagues. When you use a real estate agent, they
can check the important things you must check before you sign the lease and
help you prepare necessary documents. They can also be a witness for the
lease agreement, which can be convenient, but you must pay them 0.2 – 0.8%
of the transaction amount as a fee.
If you don’t use a real estate agent, you don’t have to pay a fee but you have
to take care of everything yourself. Before you make the decision and sign the
lease, go to the place and check everything thoroughly.
Things to Check Before Signing a Lease- Does it have a proper heating system installed?
- Does it have proper water supply? does the water drain well in the kitchen
and the bathroom?
- Is the rent within my budget? Do the math before you make the decision.
- Make sure you discuss the lease terms with the owner.
- Check the lease period, deposit amount and rent amount.
- Get a copy of the ownership register to see who owns the place.
- Pay 10% of the deposit as a downpayment; pay the rest on the day you
move in.
- Don’t forget to keep all the receipts.
Forms of Lease
▶ Employee Quarters
Most workers employed under the Employment Permit System get to live in
the company-arranged housing, which is called employee quarters. Employee
quarters are either regular houses or modified container houses. Some large
companies have employee apartments or separate residential buildings
for employees. The arrangement regarding who pays the utility bills varies
company to company and you had better check beforehand.
▶ Jonse (Lease)
This is a uniquely Korean method of lease in which you pay the owner a lump
sum amount up front to lease a living accommodation for a certain period of
time. At the end of the contract period, you get your money back. You can
lease either a whole apartment/house or parts of it (a single floor or 1-2 rooms).
Customarily the contract period is two years, and the owner cannot break the
lease agreement before the end of the term unless the leasee wishes to do so
under law.
▶ Monthly Rent
You pay a deposit and a monthly rent. The amount of the deposit is much
smaller than in the case of jonse for the same size space. The amounts of the
deposit and the monthly rent are negotiable. If the deposit amount goes up, the
monthly rent goes down and vice versa. The monthly rent varies depending on
the size and number of the space you rent and the facilities provided. In some
cases, people get roommates or housemates to share the rent. In general, you
choose jonse if you can afford to pay a lum sum payment and opt for monthly
rent if you can't. The jonse or monthly rent arrangement usually does not cover
the utility bills (power, water, gas, telephone, Internet access, TV reception fee,
etc.) and the leasee is responsible for them. Also the space is not furnished so
you have to get your own.
Using Electric Power
▶ The voltage is 220V 60Hz
In Korea, most power outlets are for 220v. If you have an electronic device
that uses 110v, you need a transformer that coverts 220v to 110v. On the other
hand, if your electronic devices require 22v but you live in a place where you
have 110v outlets, you need a transformer to convert 110v to 220v. Koreans call
a transformers a “trans” or “doranse.” You can easily find one at a neighborhood
electric device store or a repair shop.
▶ Circuit Breaker
In every house, there is a safety device that helps prevent a fire called a “circuit
breaker.” A circuit breaker cuts off power supply in case the power usage
exceeds a certain level or a problem arises in the electric flow. If the device
does not work properly, a dangerous situation may arise. Make sure you test the
circuit breaker when you are about to move into a new place. Simply press the
test buttons (red one; the color’s green if it’s exclusively for leakage). It is fine if
the switch comes down and defective if it does not.
Safety Rules to Remember When Using Electric Power- An electric cord with the surface worn off and the coil inside showing,
attaching the cord to another object using a nail or staples, or placing a
heavy object on an electric cord, these are all fire hazard and can cause a
fire or an electric shock.
- A loosely plugged-in cable can cause overheating and lead to a fire. Also it
is safer to use a power outlet with a cover to keep your hands from coming
in direct contact with the outlet.
- Remember that water is conductive. Never touch electric devices with a
wet hand.
- Do not plug in too many electric devices to a single outlet. This will cause
power overflow and can lead to a fire.
- When you pull the plug, do not pull on the cord. It may cause the cable to
break or lead to a short circuit.
- Do not leave clothes or paper that can easily catch fire near an electric
device, power outlet or electric cable.
Using GasIn most urban areas, you have access to city gas. The gas pipes are buried
underground along the roads and exposed outside inside the building. Most
people use city gas because it is inexpensive but you have to use LPG gas if
you live in an area where you don't have access to city gas.
▶ Using Gas
• For Cooking
Many accidents are caused by mishandling gas cookers. Always make sure
it is turned off after you finish using and make it a habit to close the middle
valve.
• Butane Gas
Many portable gas cookers use butane gas. The gas may leak if the gas can
is not properly inserted. Check immediately if the flame is unusually small or
you smell gas. When you discard empty cans, make sure you puncture them
using a sharp object (nail, pick, etc.) before you place them in the recycle bin.
• LPG Gas/City Gas
Open the valve before you turn on the stove and make sure you close it after
you are finished.
▶ Gas Safety Check
To check if there is a gas leak, mix water with dishwashing liquid in the 1:1 ratio
and apply the mixture to the connecting part of the hose. If you do not see any
reaction, everything is ok but if you see bubbles, it means there is a leak. This
requires an immediate repair. In case this happens, make sure you get the
necessary contact numbers from the owner when you sign the lease. If you use
city gas, remember that the gas company makes a visit for an annual safety
check. Make sure you stay at home if possible and you pass the check.
Heating/Cooling Devices▶ Cooling Devices
• Electric Fan : Many homes use electric fans as a cooling device during hot
summer months. Electric fans can cause oxygen deprivation
in case you keep it on in a closed room. Make sure you crack
the window or door open for ventilation. Make sure you buy one
with the timer feature and set the timer to 1 – 2 hours before
you go to sleep for safe use.
• Air Conditioner : Most public places or large buildings are well air-conditioned.
Air conditioners keep you cool with cold air but can cause
legionellosis if you stay in an air-conditioned room for an
extended period of time.
▶ Heating Device
• Boiler : There many different types of boilers: coal boilers, oil boilers, LPG
gas boilers and city gas boilers. The coal boilers are inexpensive but
are inconvenient because you need to replace the coal regularly. The
fuel costs are high for oil boilers and LPG gas boilers and you have to
place an order every time you run out of fuel. The most convenient
option is the city gas boiler. City gas is supplied through the pipeline
and can be used for both cooking and heating. It is also inexpensive.
Make sure city gas is supplied when you look for a place to live.
• Electric heater and mat : These are widely used for heating purposes but can
rack up your electric bill. Use it with moderation.
• Gas heater : Gas heaters are widely used for keep the interior warm in winter
but avoid using them while you sleep. If you leave it on while
you sleep, it can cause oxygen deprivation and lead to serious
consequences. Ventilate often and turn it off before you go to
sleep.
Maintaining Boilers and Faucets in Winter
When it is cold outide, be careful because your boiler and faucets can
freeze up. When you leave home for a long time, do not turn off the boiler
completely and set it to “Going Out” or lower the temperature setting. To
keep your faucet from freezing up, leave it open a little bit so that the water
keeps flowing. If you are not careful and the boiler or faucet freezes up, it is
your responsibility to pay for the repair.
Disposal of Household Garbage
In Korea, household garbage is collected separately by type for effective
recycling and reuse of resources. The wastes are sorted into “to incinerate,”
“to recycle,” “kitchen scraps" and "large-sized wastes." The recyclables are
collected on a specified day of week, which varies area by area. You should be
careful because you are required to pay a fine if you do not recycle. Make sure
you purchase the right kind of garbage bags that suit the purpose.
Purchasing garbage bags: Garbage bags differ from area to area and you must
purchase the kind of bags that can be used where you live. They are available
at neighborhood stores and supermarkets designated as the “Weight-Based
Garbage Bag Seller.”
When you dispose of your garbage, make sure you use the right kind of bags
(general wastes; kitchen scraps [food wastes]; recyclables, etc.) and leave them
on the designated location. They are usually collected early in the morning and
it is best to put them out between 10 pm and 5 am. If you do not follow the rules,
your garbage will not be collected and in some cases you may be charged a
fine.
HygieneRefers to a place where you have your hair and or facial hair cut, trimmed,
permed and or died. Men go to barbershops and women go to beauty parlors
(beauty salons).
▶ Barbershop
At a barbershop, men get a haircut and/or have their facial hair shaved or
trimmed. The service charges vary depending on the service you get but mostly
between 5,000 and 10,000 won. Barbershops in the downtown area of a large
city will charge you a little more. Be advised that there are some large city
places that look like barbershops from outside but actually are adult massage
parlors that charge steep fees.
▶ Beauty Salon
Beauty salons or beauty parlors used to cater to women clients only but they
have many male clients today. You can get a perm or a hair cut, have your
hair dyed, your fingers manicured, or get a makeup. The service charges vary
depending on the service. For a simple hair cut, you are most likely to pay
around 8,000 won and for a perm, the range becomes wider from 20,000 won
to 100,000 won or higher.
▶ Public Bath Facilities
The temperature of the water in the large bathtub in an average public bath
house is 43 - 45℃ while the interior temperature of a Korean sauna (hot room)
is 40 - 70℃. The interior temperature of a dry sauna is 70 - 100℃ while the
temperature in a regular sauna is between 70 - 130℃. If you use one that is
right for your body for an appropriate time period, these baths/saunas can
help stimulate metabolism, relieve stress and ease muscle pains. The Korean
public bath facilities are divided into bath houses, saunas and Korean hot room
saunas.
• Public bath houses : Have tubs and showering facilities
(Fee : About 3,0000 – 5,000 won)
• Sauna : Have tubs, showering facilities and rest areas
(Fee : About 3,0000 – 5,000 won)
• Korean sauna (hot rooms) : Have tubs, showering facilities, rest areas and
sleeping rooms; except for the tub rooms, men
and women share the rest of the facilities
(Fee : About 7,000 – 10,000 won)
The admission fee for saunas and Korean saunas include access to the rest
area, sleeping rooms, fitness rooms and other facilities. Most men use the soap
provided while women bring their own soap and lotion. You can use the one
provided or purchase a new one at the spot. When you buy food, use grooming
service and/or massages, you should pay extra. You can get a body scrubbing
service if you pay 10,000 won or so.
Safety Precautions- If you are pregnant or have a heart condition, do not use sauna.
- You will sweat a lot - drink water every 30 minutes or so to stay hydrated.
- After drinking liquor, avoid sweating in hot rooms as you can get easily
dehydrated.
- If you have a skin condition or a contagious disease, never go to public
bath facilities.
Three Things That You Should Never Do in a Public Bath Facility- Getting into the tub with your underwear on: Strictly prohibited.
- Scrubbing your body while in a bathtub : Strictly prohibited.
- Washing your laundry : Strictly prohibited.
Other Amenities
▶ Photocopy & Fax
Many stationary stores have photocopy and fax machines but they are mostly
for black-and-white copies. For color photocopies, go to one of the bigger
stores.
The fee varies depending on the paper size. They charge about 50 won for A4
size one black-and-white photocopy. For fax service, they charge between 500
and 1,000 won for sending one page A4 size document.
▶ Photo Printing
To get your photos printed, go to a photo print shop. If you use a film camera,
leave your film at the shop, and if you use a digital camera, leave your memory
chip or a CD containing your picture files.
▶ Restrooms
Public restrooms can be found in public parks, public buildings, subway stations
and gas stations. They are all accessible free of charge. In most cases, the
ones for women and the ones for men are separated. They use various signs,
including "W.C.." "화장실,” “Toilet,” “化粧室” and in some cases picture signs.
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